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Camera Obscura

 

In the 1960's English painter, David Hockney fell right into Pop-Art. His work that initially took off was not his paintings, but photographs. We Two Boys Together Clinging, 1961. Oil painting by David Hockney.While other artists used fish-eye lenses and similar tricks to take pictures of an entire room (in order to paint it), Hockney disagreed with this practice, as the image that resulted was warped. Trying for a more realistic view, he began taking multiple polaroids of a single space.

He realized that what resulted was a piece of art in itself, a patchwork narrative of the subject, another dimension to photography. He called the pieces the joiners.

In the early 60's while still in art-school Hockney had a rash of luck in meeting Andy Warhol and getting introduced to the entire pop-art crowd. He was able to sell some work and live for a year in America. But it was not New York that Hockney had set his sights on, California would be it.

Girl With The Pearl Earring, painting by Johannes Vermeer

Girl with a Pearl Earring, c. 1665-1666, is astonishing as much for the ethereal beauty of the sitter as for its departure from the Dutch norm of painting every elaborate detail of nature, no matter how inconsequential.

The broad economical style in which Vermeer painted this portrait is in stark contrast to many of his other, highly meticulous, works. Of significance is the manner in which Vermeer paints several elements in soft focus.

Thesehazy details are what many art historians have pointed to as being the characteristic mark of employing an optical manner of working and subsequently lead to their belief that Vermeer was aided by a camera obscura when creating Girl with a Pearl Earring and other works such as Girl with a Red Hat.

What came to be known as the camera obscura, a term first used the German astronomer Johannes Kepler in 1604, was already known in the 5th Century B.C.. The discovery that lightshone through a pinholeproduced an inverted image on the wall of a darkened room was first made by the Chinese philosopher Mo-Ti.

The Greek philosopher Aristotle had made similar observations in the 4th century B.C., when he noted that, “sunlight travelling through small openings between the leaves of a tree, the holes of a sieve, the openings wickerwork, and even interlaced fingers will create circular patches of light on the ground."


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