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November, 2009

 

The Elephant Celebes, painting by Max Ernst

Punk Rock is to music, as Dada is to art. Both genres are duplicated, watered down over time and often misunderstood. Yet when each emerged it was by turning the world on the tip of it's head, it was with a revolution.

When Dada emerged in 1916 it was as anti-art. In the pieces themselves Dada used everyday imagery and any item that one could put in a collage, unless those things were a part of “high art.” Dadaists used images of high art only if they were defacing it. The resulting artwork is chaotic. Anti-art can be anything from political messages achieved in collage or the infamous early Dadist exhibit that displayed a row of urinals and a woman in a a communion dress reciting lewd poetry to patrons. Famous images of Dada art can be found in the works of Man Ray, Marcel Duchamp and Jean Arp.

The First Thanksgiving at Plymouth, painting by Jennie A. Brownscombe

We’re going to be out of town this year for Thanksgiving, so on Sunday my husband and I hosted an early Thanksgiving for our families. We were excited to have everyone over – it’s our first year in our first house – and we were more than a little relieved that even if it did go badly, we at least wouldn’t ruin the “real” holiday – everyone else will still have dinner while we’re on vacation. We researched recipes and planned what dish would go in what serving bowl; we experimented with different table layouts and debated the various merits of different turkey cooking methods.

My husband was more nervous than I was – he’s the cook in the family. And while everyone enjoyed themselves, of course it wasn’t flawless. My husband was more than a little embarrassed when he delivered the turkey to the table with a flourish, cut into it, and promptly discovered the plastic bag that once held the innards. When it came time for dessert, the peanut butter cream pie I had baked wound up tasting pretty good but had the very unfortunate texture of Jell-o ® .

200 One Dollar Bills, by Andy Warhol

As you may have heard, Andy Warhol’s painting “200 One Dollar Bills” sold for $43.8 million at a Sotheby’s auction this week. One of the artist’s first silk-screen paintings, the image went for over three times the amount originally anticipated by the auction house. Those in the art market are hesitantly optimistic: the sale may indicate that the economy’s affect on art sales is on the upswing. Go figure -- a painting of money is the one that has art dealers feeling better about their own bank accounts.

Naturally, pictures of the piece have been featured in most news stories about the sale, and I’ve got to be honest -- I really don’t like it very much. To be really honest, I don’t love most of Warhol’s work. I respect him and I understand why his work is good; I appreciate his  exploration of the glorification of mass consumerism and celebrity. But I just don’t like it. I have never had a desire to visit a Warhol exhibition and I’ve definitely never thought about buying a print of one of his pieces.

Composition with Yellow, Blue, and Red, painting by Piet Mondrian

The time was post World War I and art was changing. De Stijl was what they called the movement, meaning literally “The Style”, and what the style looked like was a plastic-y, controlled burst of primary colors. This was the beginning of pure abstraction and they were reducing art to the very bare bones of color and form. They went beyond the cubists, eschewing natural imagery from their canvases and embracing this new aesthetic purity.

Perhaps the most famous example of this are Mondrian's compositions, which were simplified to show only the lines and weight of what he painted. De Stijl artists were strong in their philosophy, the paintings were spiritual, they were about harmony and unity in nature. During the art movements time, many people mistakenly believed the art's philosophy, called neoplasticism, to be about materialism and functionalism. The ideas were actually almost mystical, surrounding the ideal geometric forms and duality in nature.

Starry Night Over the Rhone, painting by Vincent van Gogh

This evening, I read a review in the Wall Street Journal of a new collection of Van Gogh’s letters that suggests that the painter wasn’t quite the mad genius legend purports him to be. His genius is of course not up for dispute – it’s the mad part that’s up for debate. Yes, the collection argues, he was mentally ill (he was by his contemporaries dubbed “epileptic,” which at the time was a term used to identify a variety of mental illnesses, including bipolar disorder), but his illness wasn’t necessarily tied to the innovation he demonstrated in his work. In fact, the piece says, he didn’t paint or even write during his particularly bad episodes. When his illness was the worst, his creativity disappeared.

That idea surprised me – that Van Gogh’s thickly painted images of flowers and the French countryside might not have been painted in fits of mad passion completely contradicted every idea I had about the artist. The more I thought about it, the more I realized I was a little disappointed...but why? Why would the suggestion that he wasn’t gesticulating furiously as he painted, driven only by his obsession to create, disappoint me?

The Starry Night, painting by Vincent van Gogh

Before we fully move into the 20th century and it's vast array of modern art, let me back this art-history lesson up a bit. Allow me to focus on a school of art that wasn't exactly a school, not considered a movement but nonetheless changed painting forever and inspired much of modern art. It probably has even inspired you as an art viewer!

The art at hand is post-impressionism, these artists were bored with the subject matter of impressionism and fed up with it's lack of structure and limitations. Think Van Gogh, Gaugin, Cezanne and Toulouse-Lautrec. They are household names we usually loosely equate with impressionism, and while they did adhere to the style's thick brush strokes, wild use of color and thickly layered paint they were truly of a new breed. They are "post" not only because these artists came after the impressionists but also because their styles were remarkably different.